Philosophy of Truth Essay Example for Free

Theory of Truth Essay There are numerous speculations on the importance of truth, and with those hypotheses come convictions and inquiries regarding why one is more satisfactory than the others. The hypothesis that I will talk about as the most satisfactory is the correspondence hypothesis. Truly, I dont have the abilities to completely decide the most adequate hypothesis of truth. I do, in any case, have exact proof and strong thinking to help the correspondence hypothesis. There are numerous substantial contentions and inquiries of this hypothesis that I am not able to totally disprove. For this exposition I am just ready to proceed with this deep rooted conversation, not to finish up with a precise hypothesis of truth to follow. First I will present the fundamental thoughts of the correspondence hypothesis and afterward I will show why I bolster these thoughts. At that point I will introduce what some different rationalists have said with respect to the correspondence hypothesis and how I decipher these announcements. To end, I will talk about the essential contentions against the correspondence hypothesis, and show reasons with regards to why these contentions are material to any hypothesis. The idea of the correspondence hypothesis says that an announcement is genuine just if the realities surrendered coordinate with the real world. (Solomon p. 268) This can be a basic way to deal with deciding reality. The fundamental thought is that if, in light of my comprehension of the real world, the announcement given matches that reality then the announcement is valid. In the event that the announcement doesn't compare to the real world, at that point it is bogus. An announcement is a sentence that can be resolved to be valid or bogus however not both simultaneously. So at last I use past encounters and convictions to decide my idea of the real world. At that point, in light of my concept of the real world, I decide whether an announcement is either evident or bogus. To state of what is that it isn't, or of what isn't that it is, is bogus, while to state of what is that it is, or of what isn't that it isn't, is valid (Solomon p 268) This was Aristotles faith in Metaphysics and is by all accounts an extremely obvious explanation on the most proficient method to decide truth. Either an announcement is valid or bogus. The law of logical inconsistency says that an announcement and its refusal can't both be valid. (Solomon p. 266) This strengthens the conviction that an announcement can't be valid and bogus simultaneously. As Aristotle likewise said in Metaphysics It is unimaginable for a similar man to assume while something very similar is and isn't. (Solomon p 266) This in any case, as some despite everything contend, doesn't tackle the issue that what may consistent with one, might be bogus to another. In the event that the truth depends on my encounters, at that point having various encounters can cause various impression of the real world. The contention of whom or what might decide the last truth is well past my capabilities. This can cause a logical inconsistency of truth. This logical inconsistency, in light of a people thought of the truth, is another idea that I am ready to just comprehend and take a position. I don't have the last responses to these contentions however I do have a point of view. A people idea of the truth is one of a kind to that person. In light of ones encounters comes that people idea of the real world. Because someones encounters cause them to trust one truth, doesnt mean they are incorrect on the off chance that I accept another reality. This thought of the truth is the thing that makes scholars talk about various speculations of truth and their credibilitys on a wide range of levels. These extraordinary cases and unique thoughts is the place the correspondence hypothesis attracts the pundits. I feel that a portion of these contentions, however substantial, are appropriate to any hypothesis. The primary contention of this hypothesis roots from the name itself. This contention of the correspondence hypothesis expresses that there is nothing of the sort as an announcement or conviction that without anyone else is equipped for comparing to anything. (Solomon p268) This implies primarily in light of the fact that our words have various implications in various dialects there isn't one single articulation that can compare to anything. I feel this is a powerless contention in that it would imply that nothing can be valid. There are a wide range of dialects and there is no single word I am aware of that is all inclusive. This contention could be applied to any hypothesis of truth. In the event that what I state isn't consistent with everybody, at that point it is bogus. That is by all accounts the premise of this contention and in light of this conviction nothing could be valid. To me that is an absurd and un-sensible contention. The following point pundits of the correspondence hypothesis make is that there now and again might be physical ramifications with checking correspondence. One case of this for me might be my diabetes. On the off chance that I state my glucose is low the best way to confirm if that is genuine is using my glucose meter. Without the right gear it is extremely unlikely to tell if that announcement is valid. (At any rate until Im in a trance like state! ). To me this despite everything appears to have a straightforward arrangement; reality isnt known until it very well may be confirmed. I genuinely don't have the foggiest idea whether my glucose is low until I have tried it. This may make me need to depend on another people proclamation however then I can just frame an assessment. In the event that I can't confirm reality truly, at that point I don't have the foggiest idea whether it is valid. This raises the following contention. The last point I will discuss is that of theoretical thoughts. A few people will contend that the correspondence hypothesis doesn't work for dynamic thoughts, for example, love and sentiments. These are hard to confirm since they are generally sentiments. There is no solid source to coordinate them with. To discover reality in these territories is exceptionally troublesome with any hypothesis of truth. The most appropriate answer I need to counter this complaint is that reality to these theoretical thoughts is remarkable to each person and is extremely a greater amount of a supposition. On the off chance that somebody says I am ravenous that is extremely a greater amount of a sentiment than an announcement. In this way these cases can't be either obvious or bogus, they are an inclination and that isn't for me to decide as truth or not. This leads me to presume that the correspondence hypothesis is the most satisfactory hypothesis for deciding truth. Up to a conviction or explanation relates with my view of reality then it is reality. Despite the fact that there are legitimate contentions against this hypothesis I feel that they are a stretch and can be contended against any hypothesis of truth. Book index Solomon, Robert, Introducing Philosophy, eighth version, (Oxford University Press, NY 2005) pp266-279.

Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Discourse - Essay Example This is an exceptionally noteworthy purpose behind which expats are jamming in Kuwait. Oil is the fundamental wellspring of the country’s GDP. Practically half of the all out GDP is contributed by oil. Oil represents over 90% of all out income of the economy. In this manner expats are required to secure positions in the oil part. The present political circumstance in Kuwait can be called as an established government which can cause a danger for the expats. The motivation behind the discourse is to show the audience members that the current circumstance in Kuwait for the expats isn't acceptable as it was already. Most of the remote specialists are by and large pulled in by the enormous capability of the oil business in Kuwait. Aside from the oil business other various divisions like deals, showcasing, and adornments industry is likewise blasting and drawing in numerous expats from various pieces of the world. Diverse nearby organizations and global organizations are enlisting expats. Regardless of being an appealing goal for securing positions, ongoing patterns are stating that quantities of ostracizes are diminishing in the nation. Kuwaiti Government has taken a genuine activity for decreasing quantities of expats from the nation. Youthful residents of Kuwait are getting generally excellent instructions and expanding training characteristics are situating neighborhood individuals in to top level administration of various associations. Administration of Kuwait has stepped up to the plate in a severe way. Current circumstances of expats in the nation resemble a blood and gore flick. Representative Director of General Public authority has given a notification provide guidance to the work division that to issue of work grants for expats must be done specifically. In the present circumstance various managers are cautioned truly not to enroll peripheral laborers from remote nations. It is frequently being seen that various associations in the nation select expats for providing them to different bosses. Legislature of Kuwait is forcing severe prohibition on

Best Writing Service for the Job - What to Look For

Best Writing Service for the Job - What to Look ForFor the search for the best writing service, there are many considerations to keep in mind before signing on. Most people expect to be able to use their own staff when they need it and are looking for a person to carry out their work for them. This can be time consuming and expensive, so hiring a person to do the job for you is a good alternative.When hiring a writing service, make sure that you are going to get value for your money. It is easy to sign on with a company or individual that offers similar packages to what you want, but the more value you receive, the better. Make sure to ask them for any discounts they may have, and look for other ways to save money if they don't offer you any discounts.You may be surprised at the number of freelance writers there are in this country. Many of them don't take a great deal of training, and it is not uncommon to see them working as project managers, copy editors, proofreaders, and other w orkers for different companies. The writing is not necessarily the same everywhere, but they work together. Having an alternative is always a good idea, and it is even better if you get to work with a quality writing service.There are all kinds of writing services that work exclusively with book contracts. They are typically used by authors, but they also can be used by screenwriters, novelists, and the likes. Most of these companies specialize in one type of project, so they are very useful for those with specific needs. So how can you choose between these services?Content writers can be very frustrating and you can find yourself struggling with their quirks. They will sometimes come in a completely different person than they were before, and they are usually used for basic tasks that involve writing articles. Look for a company that will handle a bulk amount of tasks for you at once, and make sure they are willing to accommodate requests. To tell a content writer what they can and cannot do is not in their vocabulary.Web developers can be pretty expensive and freelance writers are the answer. They don't necessarily need to write code for you, but they can do the basic writing for a website or blog. The ones who can give you the best value will be the best to use.Because of this, content writers and freelance writers are the two most common for book projects and websites. The same goes for people who want to create an e-book, website, or blog. It is important to find a company that will give you quality work at a good price. Any new writing service that you hire should be willing to work with you, answer all of your questions and provide detailed service.Another option for writing services is web designers. These businesses may have several different departments, so they will work to fill in those gaps. A lot of them will even design the website, too. Look for a service that will provide you with a website that will look professional.

Level 5 Health an Social Care Essay - 6598 Words

Unit 16 Understand Safeguarding of Children amp; Young People (for those working in the adult sector) and Unit 14 Safeguarding and Protection of Vulnerable Adults Assignment Unit 14 AC1.3 Unit 16 AC 1.1 in the table below explain the following legislation and guidance in respect of safeguarding adult’s children and young people. Legislation/policy/best practice guidance | Summary | Safeguarding Vulnerable groups Act 2006 | Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 restricts contact between children and vulnerable adults and those who might do them harm. | Mental Capacity Act 2005 | The Mental Capacity Act 2005 prevents people who lack mental capacity from being mistreated or wilfully neglected. | Deprivation of Liberty†¦show more content†¦It includes the right to protection from abuse, the right to express their views and have them listened to and the right to care and services for disabled children or children living away from home. Although the Government has said it regards itself bound by the Convention and refers to it in child protection guidance, it has not become part of UK-wide law. | Education Act 2002 | Section 175 of the E ducation Act 2002 requires local education authorities and governing bodies of maintained schools and FE colleges to make arrangements to ensure that their functions are carried out with a view to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children.All children deserve the opportunity to achieve their full potential. The five outcomes that are key to children’s and young people’s wellbeing are: * Stay safe * Be healthy * Enjoy and achieve * Make a positive contribution * Achieve economic wellbeing The school should give effect to their duty to safeguard and promote the welfare of their pupils (students under the age of 18 years of age) under the Education Act 2002 and , where appropriate, under the Children Act 1989 by: * Creating and maintaining a safe learning environment for children and young people. * Identifying where there are child welfare concerns and taking action to address them in partnership with otherShow MoreRelatedHealth and Social Ca re level 53009 Words   |  13 PagesDevelop professional supervision practice in health and social care or children and young people’s work settings. Task Impending changes to supervision, and performance management . What is a supervision ? 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Other functions include transmissionRead MoreAssignment Brief to Break Down Unit 5 Health and Social Care Level 11545 Words   |  7 PagesBTEC Extended Diploma Level 3 Assignment Brief Course Title: Extended Diploma Level 3 in Health and Social Care Unit : 5 Assignment Title: Anatomy Physiology Scenario/Vocational Context: This unit introduces core knowledge of cellular structure and function, and the organisation of the body as a whole, and then builds on this to develop a more detailed knowledge of the fine anatomy and physiology of the systems involved in energy metabolism. Functional Skills Development: This assignment

Essay about Margaret Mitchells Gone with the Wind

Margaret Mitchell’s epic tale is impossible to dissolve down to a â€Å"brief† description. Her story is the War and Peace of Southern Literature. It is a tale of extremes and contrasts, telling the tragic story of peaceful affluence destroyed by the ravages of war and the destitution and desolation of its aftermath. It is a love story that examines the motivations of the heart contrasted against the will to survive. It is a story of the destruction of an aristocratic society and its disintegration from nobility, honor and hope to humility, disgrace and despair. It is a historical novel and graphic retelling of the Civil War and the Reconstruction of the South as well as a journal of the human side of those events as it recounts the†¦show more content†¦In 1865 she emerges from these trials a tough, ruthless and determined woman who can hold her own in a man’s world. By 1873 she has been married three times and has given birth to three children, she was widowed twice and buried her youngest child. Scarlett is weathered and worn but still strong and determined. She comes to realize her â€Å"love† has been wasted on a man who never really loved her and she is faced with losing her husband, the dashing scalawag Rhett Butler, the man she has really loved all along. These years are more than the volatile love story of Scarlett O’Hara and Rhett Butler, the book chronicles the years, events and details of the South before, during and after the Civil War. The story begins with rumors of war and the valor of the gentlemen of the Southern Gentry as they answer the call to defend â€Å"The Cause†, determined to fight and die for their genteel way of life. Mitchell paints a vivid picture of antebellum life and describes the symbiotic relationship between the aristocratic families and the slaves that their economy depended on. Her imagery makes it easy to understand why they were so determined to preserve their way of lif e. After the war the south was left in ruin and faced the arduous task of Reconstruction of life, home and society. Mitchell brings understanding to the definition of the terms Carpetbagger and Scalawag. The South hadShow MoreRelatedMargaret Mitchell s Romantic View Of The Old South1617 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Frankly, my dear, I don’t give a damn,† clearly Margaret Mitchell did not; despite Mitchell’s best intentions to keep her writing, â€Å"simple and stripped bare,† her Gone with the Wind created the paradoxical view of the Old South, using romanticism and social commentary. Margaret Mitchell’s romantic view of the Old South, which was obtained throughout her childhood, combined with a medley of literary devices helps create her simplistic writing style. This uncommon mixture affected the novel, bothRead MoreGone With the Wind Essay1788 Words   |  8 PagesGone with the Wind, was published in May 1936. The author, Atlanta born, Margaret Mitchell won the Pulitzer Prize in 1937 for her efforts. The novel was the first and only published novel of her career. Miss Mitchell was a storyteller from the time she could speak. She enjoyed writing stories and plays. She would cast herself and her friends in the different roles. She lived in Atlanta all of her life and she was enchanted in the history of the city. Miss Mitchell was influenced by the storiesRead MoreAnalysis of Scarlett O’hara on the Perspective of Feminism5754 Words   |  24 Pagesç ­â€Ã¨ ¾ ©Ã¥ §â€Ã¥â€˜ËœÃ¤ ¼Å¡Ã¤ ¸ »Ã¥ ¸ ­Ã¯ ¼Ë†Ã§ ­ ¾Ã¥  Ã¯ ¼â€°Ã¯ ¼Å¡ è ¯â€žÃ©Ëœâ€¦Ã¤ º ºÃ¯ ¼Ë†Ã§ ­ ¾Ã¥  Ã¯ ¼â€°Ã¯ ¼Å¡ Ã¥ ¹ ´ æÅ"ˆ æâ€" ¥ ABSTRACT Gone with the wind was published in 1936, ten years after Mitchell writing it. It got a great success and becomes one of the bestselling novels of all time. It received the 1937 Pulitzer Prize. As the first novel which depicts American Civil War from women’s perspective, Margaret focuses on the suffering from the war of those women who stay at home and their difficult journey of reconstructionRead MoreEssay on Comparing Time of the Temptress and Gone With the Wind1876 Words   |  8 PagesComparing Time of the Temptress and Gone With the Wind      Ã‚   In the Harlequin romance Time of the Temptress, by Violet Winspear, the author seems to be trying to write an intelligent story of romance, bettered by its literary self-awareness. She fails on both counts. Winspear appears to recognize that more valued literature tends to involve symbolism and allusions to other works. It seems she is trying to use archetypes and allusions in her own novel, but her references to alternate literatureRead More Popularity of Gone With the Wind Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesPopularity of Gone With the Wind Margaret Mitchells romantic epic, Gone With the Wind, owes its remarkable popularity to the climate of sudden self-destruction and dreariness the Depression created. The Old Souths grandeur, coupled with its Civil War-era decadence, provided much-needed escapism for readers, as well as paralleling the U.S.s own plight in the 20s and 30s. In addition, Scarlett OHaras feminist role, her devotion to her land, and her indomitable optimism lent hope to thoseRead MoreEssay about Gone With the Wind : Born Survivors945 Words   |  4 PagesGone With the Wind : Born Survivors  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gone With the Wind is a novel written by Margaret Mitchell which focuses on the life of a Southern belle during the Civil War. The underlying focus in Mitchells Gone With the Wind is that only those who are born survivors will really prosper during times of true hardship. A born survivor is one who will do anything to survive, at any cost. They will get down in the dirt and work like a dog just for a days meal; they will take something from someoneRead MoreSymbolic Meaning of the Land in Gone with the Wind6993 Words   |  28 PagesSymbolic Meaning on the Land in Gone with the Wind Abstract: The study of Gone with the Wind has mainly concerned with such aspects as the historical background of the American Civil War, the relationship between slave owners and slaves, Scarletts remarkable personality, and the conflicts between north and south cultures. Many more people read it as a love story. This thesis aims at analyzing the symbolic meaning of the land in this masterpiece to interpret this novel better. With applicationRead MoreGone With The Wind Essay1042 Words   |  5 PagesMargaret Munnerlyn Mitchell was the American author who won the Pulitzer Prize in 1937 for her immensely successful novel, Gone with the Wind, that was published in 1936. She was born in Atlanta, Georgia, and often used the name Peggy. Her childhood was spent on the laps of Civil War veterans and of her mothers relatives who lived through the war and the years that followed. They told her everything about the war, except that the Confederates had lost it. She was ten years old before mak ing thisRead MoreGone With The Wind By Margaret Mitchell881 Words   |  4 PagesCounty is a county south of Atlanta s Fulton County. MapQuest states Clayton is 30 minutes from Atlanta, but on a good day it’s really only about 10 minutes. Clayton County can be highlighted for many reasons. Margaret Mitchell’s 1936 novel Gone with the Wind was set here. The Gone with the Wind museum is situated on the railroad tracks that run through the city of Jonesboro, which is county’s seat. The museum is a small, damp, and cramped space. For artist such as Gucci Mane, Trap music origins canRead MoreEssay Feminism in Literature1552 Words   |  7 Pagesclassism—recurring themes in entertainment through the 20th Century and into the modern day—have defined many narratives that are considered classics. The works that portray aspects of feminist issues and other facets of social inequality are Margaret Mitchell’s Gone With the Wind, Flannery O’Conn or’s â€Å"Revelation,† and Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House.† These stories use the female protagonists or lack thereof in central characters to expose gender roles, the perpetuation of social inequality through conversation

Dell Hbr Case Study Free Essays

string(90) " start working with prepayment for its orders which will help to collect the cash faster\." INTRODUCTION Dell Computers was started by Michael Dell in 1984. Dell’s primary differentiator was its business model. It sold primarily on the B2C market and custom built personal computers on demand. We will write a custom essay sample on Dell Hbr Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, it had very low inventory by comparison to its competitors. As a result of this, Dell was able to operate quite efficiently and profitably in its niche market. By the late 1980’s – early 1990’s, Dell noticed that its market share was only 1% of total and that industry amalgamations could potentially force Dell out of the market. It was time to make a decision; it could remain status quo or pursue an aggressive growth strategy. The latter option proved to be favourable and Dell expanded into the B2B marketplace through a growth plan that focused on selling to retailers to improve its market share. The plan worked and Dell saw subsequent revenue increases of 268% within two years, compared to industry growth of 5%. 1 The good times came to an end in 1993 when Dell posted its first loss after eleven subsequent quarters of profit. Dell decided to more efficiently manage its liquidity, profitability and growth and was exited the indirect retail channel where margins were exceptionally low . The retail channel had served its purpose, however, in assisting Dell as a brand to become well known throughout the market place. Following these measures, and the fact that Dell had exceptionally low relative inventory, they were able to become the first company to launch the new Pentium chip computers and maintain first mov er status with subsequent upgrades. Michael Dell was now in a position to forecast future growth for his company. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Michael Dell predicted that the company’s growth rate for the next year would again outpace the industry. Dell needed to focus on how its working capital policy could assist in financing future growth. Further, what other internal and external financing options might assist Dell in reaching their goals? RECOMMENDATION Assuming Dell’s sales will grow at 50% in 1997, h ow would you recommend that the company fund this growth? How much capital would need to be reduced and/or profit margin increased if the company were to fund its growth by relying only on internal sources of capital? What steps would you recommend the company take? Dells attempt to increase its sales by 50% in 1997 will require 2 major types of investments: Investment in working capital We estimate this figure to be $345M (please refer to Exhibit 1 for the detailed calculation). Investment in fixed assets Expansion of production will most likely require the purchase of the additional equipment. There is no data available in the case on depreciation expenses or capital expenditures made by Dell in 1996 to support the 52% growth of sales. However, if we refer to Dell’s full financial statements for 1996, we see that Dell spent $100M on capital expenditures and we assume it will spend approximately the same amount in 1997. 1 2 Richard Ruback, â€Å"Dell’s Working Capital,† Harvard Business Review 9-201-029 (2003): 3. Ibid 1|P a ge EDHEC MBA – Dell Business Case From the projected figures in the Exhibit 1 we conclude that Dell will be able to finance the above investments using the following funding sources: Profit margins and management of the working capital cycle Assuming that there is a certain percentage of fixed costs in Dell’s cost structure, the company will be able to increase its net profit margin from 5. 1% in 1996 to 5. 6% in 1997, generating a net profit of $448M. Net margin should be sufficient to cover additional working capital of $345 M if Dell is able to maintain its Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) at 1996 levels of 47 days. Maintaining the CCC at the same level is crucial for this type of financing to be sufficient. An increase in DSO by 5 days will increase working capital delta up to $453M (refer to Exhibit 2) and will force Dell to increase margins, which may reduce revenues, or look for other sources of funding. Debt or use of the short term investment funds The use of these resources might be necessary for the financing the purchase of the equipment to expand the production capacity. Two scenarios could take place: 1. A one-off investment is required to be made in the beginning of the year. Since the company will have no possibility to generate profits or free up its working capital, it could either liquidate some of its short term investments of $591M or get a loan. The decision will depend on whether the rate of return on investment is higher or lower than the interest rate on the loan, taking after tax effects into consideration. If the rate of return is higher, Dell should finance the purchase of fixed assets through the loan, if it is lower , it should use its investment account to finance the capital expenditure. 2. Gradual investment in capital expenditure is possible. This could be done only by using margins generated within the year and decrease in CCC by managing receivables-days cycle. If the company can manage to decrease its DSO days from 50 to 40 days, it can reduce its working capital delta to $126M (Exhibit 2), thus making the remaining net profit available for capital expenditures. How, if at all, would your answers to Question 3 chang e if Dell also repurchased $500 million of common stock in 1997 and repaid its long-term debt? If Dell decides to repay its debt of $113M and repurchase stock of $500M, the following steps could be undertaken. Stock repurchase A decrease in DSO by 10 days and increase in DPO by 10 days will release working capital of $44M in addition to cash profit based on $448M in accounting profit (most likely it is higher by the amount of depreciation). These cash amounts will then allow Dell to repurchase its stock. As Dell expands its customer base and brand penetration in the market it can start working with prepayment for its orders which will help to collect the cash faster. You read "Dell Hbr Case Study" in category "Essay examples" Further, as the size of its orders to suppliers grows, it will be able to exercise its buyer power and negotiate more favourable payment terms. However the following action should be taken only if Dell shareholders could earn better return at a similar level of risk in the market. In the current situation it seems that Dell performs better than its competitors thus it would be more appropriate to invest the $500Mof free cash in further expansion. Debt repayment If Dell increases its margin up to 6. 8% it will be able to make an additional $110M in net profit to repay the debt. Another option is to free up some funds from short term investments. The decision will depend 2|P a ge EDHEC MBA – Dell Business Case on whether increase in price will lead to a significant loss of customers. If this is the case, the company should use its current cash reserves to perform the repayment. We also note, that 0% debt in the capital structure is most likely to be not optimal for the company and by using leverage Dell will be able generate better returns for its investors. DISCUSSION Explain how Dell’s working capital policy is a competitive advantage for the company? Strategy Built-to-Order Just-In-Time Delivery Distribution Channels (Retail Stores) Early Adoption of New Technology DELL ? ? X ? Apple X X ? X Compaq X X ? X IBM X X ? X Built to Order: Unit production only begins after receiving customer orders over phone or via email. This significantly reduced the outstanding inventory and hence reduced working capital requirements for funding inventory warehousing and inventory financing. Just-in-time Delivery: Dell’s factory had close physical proximity to its suppliers. Suppliers would ship parts only after customers placed orders, for just-in-time delivery. This helped to maintain accounts payable to a minimum. No Retail Distribution Channels: Since orders were only taken via email or phone, Dell was able to cut down on the costs of maintaining distribution channels and reduce accounts receivable from distributors and retailers. This reduced working capital requirements. Early Adoption of New Technology: Low inventory levels helped Dell to quickly switch to newer product upgrades and reduce the cost of existing inventory turnovers compared to competitors. This further reduced working capital requirements. DSI Advantage: As a result of above strategies, Dell achieved an average DSI of 40 between 1993 and 1995, compared to Apple’s 64, Compaq’s 68 IBM’s 56. How did Dell fund its 52% growth in 1996? Please be sure to distinguish between internal and external sources of funding, and to discuss the trade -off between the use of external funds in order to maintain high growth rates. The 52% growth was a result of the new Pentium chip introduction (Exhibit 3 from the case). Regarding working capital management, we noticed from Exhibit 2 from the case, excellent performance in maintaining CCC at 40 days; while product switches required double stock management. As the Pentium introduction was already launched in 1995, we assume that growth was constant and continuous during 1996 period. Compared to 1995, the 1996 financial performance for gross margin is lower by 1%, but net profit has increased by 1%. 3|P a ge EDHEC MBA – Dell Business Case To improve the availability of cash, Dell can implement factoring on receivables (internal) or negotiate with banks for short term credit lines and overdraft accounts (external). Even if CCC remains constant during this period of growth, balance sheets analysis shows that CCC changed from $428M in 1995 to $689M in 1996. As the debt level remained constant during these two periods, this extra $261M was financed with internal funds. The two main sources of internal funds used to finance working capital and CAPEX (not detailed in case information) were: The $272M 1996 net profit and the capital increase at $74M (total stock value difference between 1995 and 1996). Even if Dell decided to not reduce its amount of debt, this process will allow the company to reduce the Debt/Equity ratio keeping constant level of debt while significantly increasing equity. This strategy will bring Dell more flexibility for the future. The firm will be able to consider different options for future growth; either the same strategy the issuance of more debt due to their low leverage being relatively unleveraged. 4|P a ge EDHEC MBA – Dell Business Case APPENDIX Exhibit 1 Projected Income statement and balance sheet items for the year 1997 Item Sales Cost of sales Gross Margin Operating expenses Operating income Financing and other income Income taxes 30% Net profit 1996 (actual) 5 296 4 229 1 067 690 377 6 111 272 Growth Coefficient 1,5 1,5 1,4 1997 (projected) 7 944 6 344 1 601 966 635 6 192 448 Ratios : 37 1 37 DSI 50 1 50 DSO 40 1 40 DPO 47 1 47 CCC Balance sheet items : 429 644 Inventory 726 1 089 Accounts receivable 466 699 Accounts payable 689 1 034 Working Capital 345 Additional working capital required Projections for the year 1997 were built based on the following assumptions: 1. Growth coefficient of 1,5 was applied to income sales and cost of sales to reflec t the projected 50% growth in operations 2. Growth coefficient of 1,4 was applied to operating expenses. The assumption was made that part of operating expenses are presented by fixed costs thus they don’t grow at the operations growth ration. 0% rate was taken based on the year 1996 increase. 3. Income taxes were calculated using 30% rate being the rate on income tax in 1996 (calculated as Income taxes/(Operating income + Financing income)) 4. Ratios for the year 199 were calculated using the following formulas: DSI=Inventory*365/COS DSO=Accounts Receivable*365/Sales DPO=Accounts Payable*365/COS 5. We assumed that company will main tain the average ratios for the year 1997 6. Using the reverse formula for ratios calculations we derived accounts receivable, accounts payable and inventory for 1999 from the projected sales and COS figures. . We calculated Working Capital for both years using the formula: Inventory + Accounts receivable – Accounts payable 8. Additional working capital required: Working capital 1997 – Working Capital 1996 5|P a ge EDHEC MBA – Dell Business Case Exhibit 2 Variations in working capital requirements 37 50 40 47 37 55 40 52 37 40 40 37 -10 days on DSO; + 10 days in DPO 37 40 50 27 Inventory, $mln Accounts receivable, $mln Accounts payable, $mln 644 1 088 699 643 1 197 695 643 871 695 643 871 869 Working Capital 1997, $mln Working Capital 1996, $mln 1 033 689 1 145 689 818 689 645 689 344 456 129 -44 Item DSI, days DSO, days DPO, days CCC, days Additional working capital required, $mln Ratios at 1996 level +5 days in DSO -10 days in DSO Exhibit 3: Detailed calculations relative to question N °2 6|P a ge EDHEC MBA – Dell Business Case 1 – CCC worth calculation: (see figures in red rectangle) CCC = DSI + DSO – DPO From above table, CCC = inventories + Accounts receivables – Accounts payable CCC1995 = 293 + 538 – 403 = 428 M$ CCC1996 = 429 + 726 – 466 = 689 M$ 2 – Total stocks value: (see figures in blue rectangle) Total value = Preferred stocks + Common stocks 1995 = 362 M$ 1996 = 436 M$ 7|P a ge How to cite Dell Hbr Case Study, Free Case study samples

To Investigate the Heating Effect of an Electric Current Essay Example

To Investigate the Heating Effect of an Electric Current Essay Conduction is best in solids and considerably weaker in liquids and gases. This transfer relies on the movement of atoms and molecules. For example, if a part of a material is hotter than another part, then the hotter part has more energy than the surrounding parts. Whenever you heat any substance there is an increased amount of motion from atoms and molecules. When you heat a gas, for example, the speed at which the atoms and molecules move around increases but when you heat a solid or even a liquid the atoms and molecules vibrate more. The atoms and molecules in the substance are therefore responsible for conduction. In a gas and liquid, conduction is poor because the atoms and molecules are further apart than in a solid where they are closely held with strong bonds. Metals such as silver, copper and aluminium are good conductors.Convection takes place only in fluids (liquids and gases). Convection currents are examples of floating and sinking. When a part of a fluid is heated and made warmer the molecules expand and rise because they are less dense than the cold parts of the fluid where the molecules sink downwards because they are more dense.All objects give out some thermal radiation. The higher the temperature of any object the more energy it radiates per second. The thermal radiation is most of the time given out as infrared waves (invisible) but very hot objects give out light waves (visible). A matt black surface is the best emitter and absorber of heat energy but is the worst reflector. A white or silver surface is a poor emitter and absorber but a very good reflector.Evaporation is the process where particles from a liquid form a vapour when the temperature of the liquid is below its boiling point. Evaporation can only take place from the surface of a liquid. This is because here the molecules have enough energy to evaporate, as there are less attractive forces from neighbouring molecules preventing it.Factors that May Affect the Heating Effect2 The voltage of the power supply could be measured using a voltmeter and a varying nominal voltage on the power supply. Though an increase in voltage would result in an increase of the current in the circuit, therefore it is not an independent variable.3 The starting temperature of the water and room must be kept constant for a fair experiment. To keep the water at the start the same temperature we should replace the water every time we finish a list of readings. Some parts of the room may be at different temperature than others and so it is difficult to keep the room temperature constant.4 The material of the beaker or cup will be an important factor as different materials are good at conducting and radiating heat energy. For example, a polystyrene cup would reduce heat loss as it acts as insulator.5 The mass therefore the volume of the water is important because different amounts of water will take different lengths of time to be heated and so we must keep the mass or volume of the wat er the same throughout every experiment.6 The depth that the heating element is submerged in the water should be the same every time and have the same position e.g. the center for each experiment.7 External air pressure would vary but in this experiment an airtight room is not available to use.8 The internal resistance of the heating element as the greater the resistance the slower the rise in temperature of the water but resistance will be affected by both the current and the voltage.For my experiment, I have chosen to vary the current while keeping the all the other factors constant. It is important that the other factors are kept constant for a fair test and to show that a change in current will actually affect the rise in temperature of the water.MethodApparatusA few electrical wiresSome aluminium foil1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Beaker1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Heating Element1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Thermometer2à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Clamps1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Glass rod1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Voltmeter1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ammeter1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Variab le Resistor1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Battery Pack1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Stopwatch1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Retort Stand1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ BalanceDiagramIn this experiment we are measuring the rise in temperature over a fixed amount of time, which here is 5 minutes. The heating element should be connected in series to a DC battery pack using 12V, an ammeter and a variable resistor in series with a voltmeter parallel to the heating element. The heating element would then be submerged into the beaker, at the same depth every time, that is covered inside and outside with aluminium foil. Aluminium is a good conductor and therefore is a better one than glass, which is a poor conductor. Aluminium foiled is used to reduce the heat loss because when the beaker is covered there remains a small gap of air between it and the aluminium foil. We know from theory that air is a very poor conductor therefore we are reducing the heat loss, which is what we want. The beaker should contain 200cm3 of water with a mass of 202g. Both the glas s rod and thermometer should then be placed into the beaker. The glass rod is used to stir the water so that it is uniformly heated and the thermometer is needed to record the temperature of the water.For the first experiment, the current should be 0.5A having set this current using the variable resistor we should place the heating element into the water and start the stopwatch. Then record the temperature every 30 seconds using the stopwatch. When it has been 5 minutes the battery back should be switched off and the heating element removed from the water. Now we have completed the first experiment using 0.5A. Before changing the current to 1A we should first let the heating element cool down for a few minutes so it can be acclimatised to the temperature it was used for 1A. Secondly the water should be replaced with the same type of water used, e.g. tap water and then the mass should be the same also. We need to replace the water because if we dont then the heat losses are not going to be the same every time. The beaker would therefore be emptied and then should be washed out and allowed to cool before the next experiment. The current then should be set to 1A and the temperature recorded for the next 5 minutes. These steps should be repeated up to 5A and 5 minutes for each of the current readings.Safety PrecautionsIt is necessary to wear safety goggles to protect the eyes even though the temperature of the water will not be high enough for it to boil. The apparatus should not be placed at the end of the bench and all water should be handled carefully without spilling any on the electrical equipment and wires being used. When moving or dealing with the hot heating element after each experiment, it should consider that you hold it from the rubber end where it is not hot.PredictionI predict that as the current increases the heating effect of the heating element will increase therefore the water will rise to a higher temperature in a shorter space of time. I predi ct this because if there is a higher current passing through the heating element then it will heat up the water even more. If this happens then there is a larger transfer of electrical energy to heat energy taking place. This can be proven by this equation:That can be made simpler into:If we can find out how much energy the heating element gives out into the water then we are also able to find out how much heat energy is absorbed by the water using this formulae:The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/kg/?C (Complete Physics; Stephen Pople).Bibliography1 My own knowledge2 Physics Classbook; Graham Booth3 Complete Physics; Stephen PopleTo Investigate the Heating Effect of an Electric CurrentCollection of DataTemperature ?CTime (s)03060901201501802102402703000.519191919202020202020211.019191919202020212121221.519191920202121212122232.019202020212122232323242.519202020212121222323253.019202021222223242525263.519202121222324242526264.019202122232424252627284.5192121222324252627282 95.01921222324252628293032To Investigate the Heating Effect of an Electric Current1 As I predicted the change in temperature increased as the current increased therefore the water was getting hotter quicker as the current got higher.In order to show a pattern or trend from my results, I need to be able to plot a graph therefore I have made this table using my Collection of Data in the Obtaining Evidence section.I/AI2/A2?Q/à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C0.50.2521.01.0031.52.2542.04.0052.56.2563.09.0073.512.2574.016.0094.520.25105.025.00